Accident Investigation & Root-Cause Analysis

Overview

Accident investigations identify what happened, why it happened, and how to prevent recurrence. Root-cause analysis digs beyond surface-level factors to uncover systemic issues that, when addressed, prevent similar incidents across the organization.

Why This Is Important

Every accident is a learning opportunity that can save lives and prevent future injuries. Without proper investigation, organizations repeat the same mistakes, endangering workers and wasting resources. Effective root-cause analysis transforms incidents into actionable improvements that strengthen your entire safety program.

Best Practices & Safety Tips

• Report all incidents immediately, no matter how minor—near-misses contain valuable prevention information
• Preserve the accident scene when safe to do so; take photos and measurements before cleanup
• Interview witnesses separately and as soon as possible while details remain fresh
• Focus investigations on systems and processes, not blame—the goal is prevention, not punishment
• Use the “5 Whys” technique: ask “why” repeatedly until you reach the fundamental cause
• Examine multiple contributing factors including equipment, procedures, training, and environmental conditions
• Document findings thoroughly with photos, witness statements, and detailed timelines
• Develop specific, measurable corrective actions with assigned responsibilities and deadlines
• Share investigation findings and lessons learned across all departments and shifts
• Follow up to verify corrective actions were implemented and are effective

Takeaway

Quality investigations and honest root-cause analysis are investments in everyone’s safety. When we learn from incidents without fear of blame, we build a stronger safety culture where continuous improvement protects all workers from preventable harm.